Courses for 2007-2008, The Hebrew University

The Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran
This course will provide the students with political, social and religious aspects of the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran (1797-1925) and examine the relations between the two Islamic states.

Bibliography

Abrahamian, Ervand: “Oriental Despotism: The Case of Qajar Iran”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 5, No. 1 (Jan., 1974), pp. 3-31

-- : “The Causes of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 10, No. 3 (Aug., 1979), pp. 381-414

Algar, Hamid: Religion and state in Iran, 1785-1906 : the role of the ulama in the Qajar period, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969

Amanat, Abbas: Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, London 1989).

Amanat, Abbas: “The Downfall of Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir and the Problem of Ministerial Authority in Qajar Iran”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 23, No. 4 (Nov., 1991), pp. 577-599

-- : “’Russian Intrusion into the Guarded Domain’: Reflections of a Qajar Statesman on European Expansion”, Journal of the American Oriental Society > Vol. 113, No. 1 (Jan., 1993), pp. 35-56

-- : Pivot of the universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896, London: I. B. Tauris, 1997

Bayat, Mangol: Mysticism and dissent: socioreligious thought in Qajar Iran, Syracuse, N. Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1982.

Bosworth, Edmond/Hillenbrand, Carole (eds.): Qajar Iran: political, social, and cultural change, 1800-1925, Costa Mesa, Ca. : Mazda, 1992

Browne, Edward G.: A Year Amongst the Persians, Century Publishing, London, 1984.

-- : The Persian Revolution 1905-1909, new edition, Mage Publishers, Washington, DC, 1995.

Cole, Juan R.I.: “Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the 19th Century”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 24, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 1-26

-- : Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha'i Faith in the Nineteenth- Century Middle East (Columbia University Press 1998).

Daniel, Elton L. (ed.): Society and culture in Qajar Iran : studies in honor of Hafez Farmayan, Costa Mesa, Calif. : Mazda Publishers, 2002

Davison, Roderic H.: Reform in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton University Press 1963).

Deringil, Selim: “The Struggle against Shiism in Hamidian Iraq: A Study in Ottoman Counter-Propaganda”, Welt des Islams, New Ser., Bd. 30, Nr. 1/4 (1990), pp. 45-62.

Fasa’i, Hasan H.: History of Persia under Qajar rule (trans. Heribert Busse), New York: Columbia University Press, 1972

Foran, John: “The Strengths and Weaknesses of Iran's Populist Alliance: A Class Analysis of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911”, Theory and Society > Vol. 20, No. 6 (Dec., 1991), pp. 795-823

Floor, Willem M.: Qajar Persia (collection of reprints): photocopied from "Zdmg" and from die "Welt des Islam", 1971-1979

Ghani. Cyrus: Iran and the rise of Reza shah: from Qajar collapse to Pahlavi rule, London: I. B. Tauris, 1998

Gleave, Robert (ed.): Religion and society in Qajar Iran, London; N.Y.: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005

Kamrava, Mehran: The political history of modern Iran: from tribalism to theocracy, Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 1992

Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh: “Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 29, No. 2 (May, 1997), pp. 205-234

-- : “Hallmarks of Humanism: Hygiene and Love of Homeland in Qajar Iran”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 105, No. 4. (Oct., 2000), pp. 1171-1203

Kazembeyki, Mohammad Ali: Society, politics and economics in Mazandaran, Iran, 1848-1914, London: RoutledgeCurzon in association with The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 2003

Keddie, Nikki R.: “Religion and Irreligion in Early Iranian Nationalism”, Comparative Studies in Society and History > Vol. 4, No. 3 (Apr., 1962), pp. 265-295

-- : “Symbol and Sincerity in Islam”, Studia Islamica > No. 19 (1963), pp. 27-63

-- : “The Origins of the Religious-Radical Alliance in Iran”, Past and Present > No. 34 (Jul., 1966), pp. 70-80

-- : “British Policy and the Iranian Opposition 1901-1907”, The Journal of Modern History > Vol. 39, No. 3 (Sep., 1967), pp. 266-282

-- : “Pan-Islam as Proto-Nationalism”, The Journal of Modern History > Vol. 41, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), pp. 17-28

-- : “The Roots of the Ulama's Power in Modern Iran”, Studia Islamica > No. 29 (1969), pp. 31-53

-- : “The Iranian Power Structure and Social Change 1800-1969: An Overview”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jan., 1971), pp. 3-20

-- : “Is There a Middle East?” International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul., 1973), pp. 255-271

-- : “Iran: Change in Islam; Islam and Change”, International Journal of Middle East Studies > Vol. 11, No. 4 (Jul., 1980), pp. 527-542

-- : “Iranian Revolutions in Comparative Perspective”, The American Historical Review > Vol. 88, No. 3 (Jun., 1983), pp. 579-598

-- : “The Revolt of Islam, 1700 to 1993: Comparative Considerations and Relations to Imperialism”, Comparative Studies in Society and History > Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jul., 1994), pp. 463-487

-- : Qajar Iran and the rise of Reza Khan, 1796-1925, Costa Mesa, Ca.: Mazda, 1999

-- / Matthee, Rudi (eds.): Iran and the surrounding world: interactions in culture and cultural politics, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002

Lambton, Ann K. S.: Qajar Persia: eleven studies, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988

Martin, Vanessa: “An Evaluation of Reform and Development of the State in the Early Qājār Period”, Die Welt des Islams > New Ser., Vol. 36, Issue 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 1-24

-- : The Qajar Pact: bargaining, protest and the state in nineteenth-century Persia, London : I. B. Tauris, 2005

-- (ed.): Anglo-Iranian relations since 1800, London: Routledge, 2005. New York

Moaddel, Mansoor: “The Shi'i Ulama and the State in Iran”, Theory and Society > Vol. 15, No. 4 (Jul., 1986), pp. 519-556

-- : “Shi'i Political Discourse and Class Mobilization in the Tobacco Movement of 1890-1892”, Sociological Forum > Vol. 7, No. 3 (Sep., 1992), pp. 447-468

Mostafi, Abdollah: The administrative and social history of the Qajar period: the story of my life (trans.), Costa Mesa, Calif. : Mazda, 1997

Ringer, Monica M.: Education, religion, and the discourse of cultural reform in Qajar Iran, Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers, 2001

Shaw, Stanford J.: History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. 2 vols, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Sheikholeslami, A. Reza: The structure of central authority in Qajar Iran, 1871-1896, Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars, 1997

Taj al-Saltana: Crowning Anguish, Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity (ed. Abbas Amanat), Washington D.C.: Mage 1993

van den Bos, Matthijs: Mystic regimes : Sufism and the state in Iran, from the late Qajar era to the Islamic Republic, Leiden; Boston, MA : Brill, 2002.

Yeor, Bat: The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam, London : Associated University Presses, 1985.

Zarcone, Thierry/Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba: Les Iraniens d’Istanbul/The Iranians of Istanbul, Paris -Téhéran-Istanbul, 1993 (contains English articles as well).

Courses for 2006-2007, The Hebrew University

The Ottoman Empire in the 19th century: Minorities and Religious Movements

Sundays: 4-5.30 pm, Faculty of Humanities, classroom 2201


The Ottoman Empire, comprising most of the modern Middle East, managed to rule effectively ethnic and religious minorities for about 500 years based on the millet system, i.e. confessional communities of the Muslims, Jews and Christians. In the 19th century "millet" began to refer to legally protected ethnic and religious minority groups excluding the ruling Sunni. The course deals with developments in the Ottoman Tanzimat (reform) period in the light of the transition from a religion-based to a secular state.

Covered subjects:
*Non-Muslims (dhimmis) under Islam and in the Ottoman Empire
*The Jews in the Ottoman Empire
*The Christians in the Ottoman Empire (Greeks, Armenians etc)
*Missionaries in the Ottoman Empire
*The Iranians (Shi’is) in the Ottoman Empire
*“Heretic” and messianic movements in the Ottoman Empire
*The Babis and Baha’is

Bibliography:

Abu-Manneh, Butrus: ‘The Islamic Roots of the Gülhane Rescript,’ Die Welt des Islams 34 (1994), pp. 173-203.

Adanır, Fikret: ‘Imperial Response to Nationalism: The Ottoman Case’, in Henry Cavanna (ed.), Governance, Globalization and the European Union: Which Europe for Tomorrow? (Dublin 2002), pp. 47‑66.

Alkan, Necati: 'Ottoman Reform Movements and the Bahā'ī Faith, 1860s – 1920s', in Moshe Sharon (ed.), Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements and the Bābī-Bahā'ī Faiths (Leiden: Brill 2004), pp. 253-74.

Idem, ‘“The Eternal Enemy of Islām”: Abdullah Cevdet and the Baha’i Religion’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, no. 68/1 (February 2005), pp. 1-20.

Amanat, Abbas: Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, London 1989).

Berkes, Niyazi: The Development of Secularism in Turkey, Routledge: N.Y. 1998.

Braude, Benjamin/Lewis, Bernard: Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, Homes & Meier Publishers, 1982.

Chambers, Richard L.: 'The Ottoman Ulema and the Tanzimat', in Nikkie R. Keddie: Scholars, Saints, and Sufis (University of California Press, 1972).

Cole, Juan R.I.: 'Iranian Millenarianism and Democratic Thought in the 19th Century', in International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), 24 (1992), pp. 1-26.

Idem, Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha'i Faith in the Nineteenth- Century Middle East (Columbia University Press 1998).

Davison, Roderic H.: Reform in the Ottoman Empire (Princeton University Press 1963).

Devereux, Robert: The First Ottoman Constitutional Period: A Study of the Midhat Constitution and Parliament; Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press 1963.

Deringil, Selim: The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1909 (I. B. Tauris: London/New York 1999).

Idem, “The Struggle against Shiism in Hamidian Iraq: A Study in Ottoman Counter-Propaganda”, Welt des Islams, New Ser., Bd. 30, Nr. 1/4 (1990), pp. 45-62.

Idem, “’There is No Compulsion in Religion’.Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1839-1856, in: Comparative Studies in Society and History, July 2000, vol. 40, pp. 547-575.

Göçek, Fatma Müge: Rise of the Bourgeoisie, Demise of the Empire: Ottoman Westernization and Social Change (Oxford University Press 1996).

Hanioğlu, Şükrü: The Young Turks in Opposition (New York/Oxford 1995).

Heyd, Uriel: “The Ottoman 'Ulema and Westernization in the Time of Selim III and Mahmud II,” in idem. Studies in Islamic History and Civilization, Jerusalem 1961; pp. 63-96.

Hourani, Albert Habib: The Ottoman background of the modern Middle East, London, Harlow Longmans, 1970.

Lewis, Bernard: The Emergence of Modern Turkey, NYC, Oxford University Press, 2001.

Maoz, Moshe: Ottoman reform in Syria and Palestine, 1840-1861 : the impact of the Tanzimat on politics and society, Oxford ; London : Clarendon P., 1968.

Mardin, Şerif: The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas, Syracuse UP: N.Y. 2000.

Momen, Moojan: ‘The Bahā’ī Influence on the Reform Movements of the Islamic World in the 1860’s and 1870’s’, in: Bahā’ī Studies Bulletin (ed. Stephen Lambden), vol. 2.2. (Newcastle-upon-Thyne, 1983), pp. 47-65, at http://www.northill.demon.co.uk/relstud/ RefMov.htm

Palmer, Alan: The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, New York, Barnes and Noble Books, 1992.

Shaw, Stanford J., History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. 2 vols, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Sonyel, Salâhi R.: Minorities and The Destruction of The Ottoman Empire, Ankara 1993

Yeor, Bat: The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam, London : Associated University Presses, 1985.

Zarcone, Thierry/Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba: Les Iraniens d’Istanbul/The Iranians of Istanbul, Paris -Téhéran-Istanbul, 1993.